Myth
ADHD is just an excuse for laziness or bad behaviour.
Reality
ADHD is a neurobiological condition that affects the brain's executive functions. It isn't a result of laziness or poor parenting.
Understanding ADHD
What is ADHD?
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder is a neurodevelopmental condition affecting both children and adults characterised by patterns of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity that can impact daily life.
ADHD is estimated to affect around 5–10% of children and 2–5% of adults worldwide. Figures vary with diagnostic criteria and population, but what stays constant is that ADHD is real, common, and highly manageable with the right support.
Common symptoms
- Difficulty paying attention to detail
- Trouble following conversations or instructions
- Difficulty sitting still
- Constantly fidgeting
- Acting without thinking
- Difficulty waiting for a turn
- Making impulsive decisions
- Difficulty maintaining order or structure
- Forgetting appointments or obligations
What causes ADHD?
The exact causes of ADHD are not fully understood, but research suggests it results from a combination of genetic, environmental and neurological factors. Specific genes have been associated with an increased risk, but ADHD is not determined by genetics alone. Prenatal exposure to toxins, premature birth, low birth weight and certain brain injuries may also contribute.
Common myths & misconceptions
Myth
Only children can have ADHD.
Reality
ADHD is commonly diagnosed in childhood but can persist into adolescence and adulthood. Many adults were undiagnosed or misdiagnosed as children.
Myth
ADHD can be outgrown or cured.
Reality
ADHD is a chronic condition that typically lasts into adulthood — but symptoms can be managed very effectively.
Myth
Clinical treatment is the only treatment.
Reality
Behavioural therapy, psychoeducation, organisational strategies and lifestyle modifications are all effective parts of good ADHD care.
Who is more likely to have ADHD?
People in the following groups may have increased prevalence of ADHD compared to the general population:
- People born preterm
- Looked-after children and young people
- Children diagnosed with oppositional defiant or conduct disorder
- Children with mood disorders such as anxiety or depression
- People with a close family member diagnosed with ADHD
- People with epilepsy
- People with other neurodevelopmental disorders (autism, tic disorders, learning disability)
- Adults with a mental health condition
- People with a history of substance misuse
- People known to the youth or adult criminal justice system
- People with an acquired brain injury